SYCL: implement ggml_sycl_pool_vmm (#22862)

* SYCL: implement ggml_sycl_pool_vmm

* Add an option to bypass VMM with GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_VMM

* Clean up debugging logging

* document GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_VMM

* Multi-stream MoE optimization

* Revert "Multi-stream MoE optimization"

This reverts commit 938929c3f13a562ec67c59e87cc5d38595444cce.

* Update common.hpp

Co-authored-by: Neo Zhang <zhang.jianyu@outlook.com>

* Flip GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_VMM to GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM

* add logging for GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM when extension is not available (SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_VIRTUAL_MEM macro)

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Alexey Kopytko <alexey@kopytko.com>

* Apply suggestion from @sanmai

* Apply suggestion from @sanmai

---------

Co-authored-by: Neo Zhang <zhang.jianyu@outlook.com>

docs/backend/SYCL.md

@@ -743,6 +743,7 @@ use 1 SYCL GPUs: [0] with Max compute units:512
 | GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_GRAPH | 0 or 1 (default) | Disable running computations through SYCL Graphs feature. Disabled by default because SYCL Graph is still on development, no better performance. |
 | GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_LEVEL_ZERO | 1 (default) or 0 | Use Level Zero API for device memory allocation instead of SYCL. Reduces system RAM usage on Intel dGPUs by avoiding DMA-buf/TTM host memory staging. Requires GGML_SYCL_SUPPORT_LEVEL_ZERO=ON at build time. |
 | GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN | 0 (default) or 1 | Disable running computations through oneDNN and always use oneMKL. |
+| GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM | 0 or 1 (default) | Enable the virtual-memory device pool. |
 | ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN | 0 (default) or 1 | Support to get free memory of GPU by sycl::aspect::ext_intel_free_memory.<br>Recommended to use when --split-mode = layer |
 | UR_L0_ENABLE_RELAXED_ALLOCATION_LIMITS | 0 (default) or 1 | Allow SYCL/Unified Runtime Level Zero device allocations larger than 4 GiB. llama.cpp's direct Level Zero allocation path requests the relaxed maximum-size limit itself when GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_LEVEL_ZERO=1. |
 
@@ -753,6 +754,7 @@ Pass these via `CXXFLAGS` or add a one-off `#define` to enable a flag on the spo
 | Name            | Function                                                                         |
 |-----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | DEBUG_SYCL_POOL | Enable device memory pool logging on teardown. Useful for profiling allocations. |
+| DEBUG_SYCL_MALLOC | Enable verbose per-call logging of device pool alloc/free operations. |
 
 ## Design Rule
 

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/common.hpp

@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ struct sycl_device_info {
     int max_wg_per_cu; // max work groups per compute unit - refer to
                        // cudaOccupancyMaxActiveBlocksPerMultiprocessor
     bool    vmm;                // virtual memory support
+    size_t  vmm_granularity;    // granularity of virtual memory
     size_t  total_vram;
     sycl_hw_info hw_info;
     optimize_feature opt_feature;
@@ -244,6 +245,8 @@ struct ggml_sycl_device_info {
 
 const ggml_sycl_device_info & ggml_sycl_info();
 
+static constexpr size_t SYCL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT = 128;
+
 struct ggml_sycl_pool {
     virtual ~ggml_sycl_pool() = default;
 

ggml/src/ggml-sycl/ggml-sycl.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <float.h>
 #include <limits>
+#include <optional>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <vector>
@@ -37,6 +38,11 @@
 #if defined(GGML_SYCL_GRAPH) && SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_ASYNC_MEMORY_ALLOC
 #    include <sycl/ext/oneapi/experimental/async_alloc/async_alloc.hpp>
 #endif
+#if SYCL_EXT_ONEAPI_VIRTUAL_MEM
+#    include <sycl/ext/oneapi/virtual_mem/physical_mem.hpp>
+#    include <sycl/ext/oneapi/virtual_mem/virtual_mem.hpp>
+#    define GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM
+#endif
 #include <sycl/half_type.hpp>
 
 #include "ggml.h"
@@ -70,6 +76,7 @@ int g_ggml_sycl_debug = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_disable_graph = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn = 0;
+int g_ggml_sycl_enable_vmm = 1;
 int g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op = 0;
 int g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op_requested = 1;
@@ -96,13 +103,30 @@ static ggml_sycl_device_info ggml_sycl_init() {
 //     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: SYCL_USE_XMX: no\n", __func__);
 // #endif
     for (int i = 0; i < info.device_count; ++i) {
-        info.devices[i].vmm = 0;
         dpct::device_info prop;
         auto & device = dpct::dev_mgr::instance().get_device(i);
 
         SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(dpct::get_device_info(
             prop, device)));
 
+#if !defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+        info.devices[i].vmm = 0;
+#else
+        info.devices[i].vmm = device.has(sycl::aspect::ext_oneapi_virtual_mem);
+        if (info.devices[i].vmm) {
+            // NB: SYCL's get_mem_granularity always returns the _minimum_ granularity,
+            // but the L0 API requires a larger page size for allocs above 2 MiB and
+            // rejects non-multiples with UR_RESULT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE [sic].
+            // Here we clamp it to 2 MiB for simplicity, but other devices may require
+            // calling zeVirtualMemQueryPageSize or yet unexposed public API.
+            const size_t physical_page = 2ull << 20; // 2 MiB
+            info.devices[i].vmm_granularity = std::max<size_t>(
+                sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::get_mem_granularity(
+                    device, sycl::context(device)),
+                physical_page);
+        }
+#endif
+
         info.default_tensor_split[i] = total_vram;
         total_vram += prop.get_global_mem_size();
 
@@ -234,6 +258,7 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
         g_ggml_sycl_disable_optimize = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_OPT", 0);
         g_ggml_sycl_disable_graph = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_GRAPH", 1);
         g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN", 0);
+        g_ggml_sycl_enable_vmm = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM", 1);
         g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_PRIORITIZE_DMMV", 0);
 #ifdef GGML_SYCL_SUPPORT_LEVEL_ZERO
         g_ggml_sycl_enable_level_zero = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_LEVEL_ZERO", ggml_sycl_info().ext_oneapi_level_zero);
@@ -275,6 +300,11 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
 #else
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_SUPPORT_LEVEL_ZERO: no\n");
 #endif
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM: yes\n");
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM: no\n");
+#endif
 
         GGML_LOG_INFO("Running with Environment Variables:\n");
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DEBUG: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_debug);
@@ -293,6 +323,11 @@ static void ggml_check_sycl() try {
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_disable_dnn);
 #else
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_DISABLE_DNN: DNN disabled by compile flag\n");
+#endif
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_enable_vmm);
+#else
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_ENABLE_VMM: virtual memory extension is not available\n");
 #endif
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  GGML_SYCL_PRIORITIZE_DMMV: %d\n", g_ggml_sycl_prioritize_dmmv);
         g_ggml_sycl_use_async_mem_op_requested = get_sycl_env("GGML_SYCL_USE_ASYNC_MEM_OP", 1);
@@ -754,7 +789,7 @@ catch (sycl::exception const &exc) {
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_sycl_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return 128;
+    return SYCL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT;
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
@@ -1177,7 +1212,7 @@ static ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_sycl_split_buffer_type_alloc_buffer(gg
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_sycl_split_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
-    return 128;
+    return SYCL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT;
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
 }
 
@@ -1462,6 +1497,121 @@ struct ggml_sycl_pool_leg : public ggml_sycl_pool {
     }
 };
 
+// pool with virtual memory management
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+struct ggml_sycl_pool_vmm : public ggml_sycl_pool {
+    static const size_t SYCL_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE = 1ull << 35; // 32 GB
+
+    int           device;
+    sycl::context ctx;
+    sycl::device  dev;
+
+    uintptr_t pool_addr = 0;
+    size_t    pool_used = 0;
+    size_t    pool_size = 0;
+    size_t    granularity;
+
+    // physical_mem owns the commits (unlike cuMemMap)
+    struct mapping {
+        sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::physical_mem phys;
+        void * map_ptr;
+    };
+    std::vector<mapping> mappings;
+
+    explicit ggml_sycl_pool_vmm(queue_ptr qptr_, int device_) :
+        device(device_),
+        ctx(qptr_->get_context()),
+        dev(qptr_->get_device()),
+        granularity(ggml_sycl_info().devices[device_].vmm_granularity) {
+    }
+
+    ~ggml_sycl_pool_vmm() {
+        if (pool_addr == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Per spec, unmap must (a) match the exact (ptr, size) of an earlier
+        // physical_mem::map() call and (b) precede destruction of the
+        // physical_mem objects (their dtors won't unmap).
+        for (auto & m : mappings) {
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::unmap(
+                m.map_ptr, m.phys.size(), ctx)));
+        }
+        SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::free_virtual_mem(
+            pool_addr, SYCL_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE, ctx)));
+    }
+
+    void * alloc(size_t size, size_t * actual_size) override {
+        // round up the allocation size to the alignment to ensure that all allocations are aligned for all data types
+        size = GGML_PAD(size, SYCL_BUFFER_ALIGNMENT);
+
+        size_t avail = pool_size - pool_used;
+
+        if (size > avail) {
+            // round up to the next multiple of the granularity
+            size_t reserve_size = GGML_PAD(size - avail, granularity);
+
+            GGML_ASSERT(pool_size + reserve_size <= SYCL_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE);
+
+            // allocate more physical memory
+            std::optional<sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::physical_mem> phys;
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(phys.emplace(dev, ctx, reserve_size)));
+
+            // reserve virtual address space (if not already reserved)
+            if (pool_addr == 0) {
+                SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
+                    pool_addr = sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::reserve_virtual_mem(
+                        SYCL_POOL_VMM_MAX_SIZE, ctx)));
+            }
+
+            // map at the end of the pool
+            void * map_ptr = nullptr;
+            SYCL_CHECK(CHECK_TRY_ERROR(
+                map_ptr = phys->map(pool_addr + pool_size, reserve_size,
+                                    sycl::ext::oneapi::experimental::address_access_mode::read_write)));
+
+            // stash these so we could unmap this exact range in dtor
+            mappings.push_back({
+                std::move(*phys),
+                map_ptr,
+            });
+
+            // add to the pool
+            pool_size += reserve_size;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_SYCL_MALLOC
+            GGML_LOG_INFO("sycl pool[%d]: size increased to %llu MB (reserved %llu MB)\n",
+                          device, (unsigned long long) (pool_size/1024/1024),
+                          (unsigned long long) (reserve_size/1024/1024));
+#endif
+        }
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(pool_addr != 0);
+
+        void * ptr = reinterpret_cast<void *>(pool_addr + pool_used);
+        *actual_size = size;
+        pool_used += size;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_SYCL_MALLOC
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("sycl pool[%d]: allocated %llu bytes at %p\n", device, (unsigned long long) size, ptr);
+#endif
+
+        return ptr;
+    }
+
+    void free(void * ptr, size_t size) override {
+#ifdef DEBUG_SYCL_MALLOC
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("sycl pool[%d]: freed %llu bytes at %p\n", device, (unsigned long long) size, ptr);
+#endif
+
+        pool_used -= size;
+
+        // all deallocations must be in reverse order of the allocations
+        GGML_ASSERT(ptr == reinterpret_cast<void *>(pool_addr + pool_used));
+    }
+};
+#endif // defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+
 struct ggml_sycl_pool_host : public ggml_sycl_pool {
     queue_ptr qptr;
     int       device;
@@ -1542,20 +1692,19 @@ std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> ggml_backend_sycl_context::new_pool_for_host(que
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool> ggml_backend_sycl_context::new_pool_for_device(queue_ptr qptr, int device) {
-    // TBD: NO VMM support
+#if defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
-    // if (ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].vmm) {
+    if (g_ggml_sycl_enable_vmm && ggml_sycl_info().devices[device].vmm) {
-    //     return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool>(new ggml_sycl_pool_vmm(device));
+        return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool>(new ggml_sycl_pool_vmm(qptr, device));
-    // }
+    }
-   return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool>(new ggml_sycl_pool_leg(qptr, device));
+#endif // defined(GGML_SYCL_USE_VMM)
+    return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_pool>(new ggml_sycl_pool_leg(qptr, device));
 }
 
+
 std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_fattn_kv_buffers> ggml_backend_sycl_context::new_fattn_kv_buffers(queue_ptr qptr, int device) {
     return std::unique_ptr<ggml_sycl_fattn_kv_buffers>(new ggml_sycl_fattn_kv_buffers(qptr, device));
 }
 
-// TBD pool with virtual memory management
-// struct ggml_sycl_pool_vmm : public ggml_sycl_pool
-
 /// kernels
 typedef void (*ggml_sycl_op_mul_mat_t)(
     ggml_backend_sycl_context & ctx,